Trade: US-Iran MoU signals end to hostilities, Hormuz Strait set to reopen (PRIV)
(D. Ravi Kanth, Geneva)
The United States and Iran on 15 June appeared to signal the completion of the electronic signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), announced following the brutal, unprovoked, and illegal war launched by the US and Israel against Iran some 107 days ago.

Climate: North-South divergences at climate & trade dialogue (PRIV)
(Jinghann Hong, Bonn)
The first of three "Climate and Trade Dialogues" (CTD) commenced on 13 June during the 64th session of the UNFCCC Subsidiary Bodies (SB64) at the ongoing climate talks in Bonn, Germany.

Climate: Means of implementation key for delivery of GST outcomes (PRIV)
(Radhika Chatterjee, Bonn)
Developing countries emphasized the need for delivery of means of implementation (MOI) by developed countries during the "UAE dialogue on implementing the global stocktake (GST) outcomes", held on 10-11 June 2026 in Bonn, Germany.

Finance: Assessing the credit risk assessors (PRIV)
(Lean Ka-Min, Penang)
Assessments by credit rating agencies (CRAs) of sovereign creditworthiness do not merely reflect states' capacity to service their debts, but can also shape the cost and availability of external borrowing itself, with implications for a country's debt sustainability and access to finance.